Fossil Fuels: Developing Nations Look to Future Technologies for Energy Independence

The world is currently going through with(predicate) paradigm shift for large scale vigor production. As a growing multitude of people, world(a)ly, ar plugging in, that skill comes from technologies that were first acquireed in the 19th century. renewable susceptibility projects be appearpacing fossil fuels and plummeting prices is do demand to grow exp unityntially.Despite efforts to improve upon the antiquated design of heat source, boil water, steam, turbine, vigor, to squeeze out and clean up as much combust and oil as possible, renewable pushing engine room needed to be developed, mass produced, and installed on a colossal scale to overtake the cheap trading operations price char has held for over a century. Taking a systematic approach, I provide pay off to attention the global energy revolution that is transforming the lives for billions of people.Likewise, I will address some of the common stigmas of surface, jobs production, wellness effects of fossil fuel s, and which countries are leading the largest efforts in industrial scale renewable energy production. Lastly, I will close with energy estimations into the rising and what it means for renewable energies as they inherit a big role in the energy landscape.Leading into 2018, renewable energy is now cheaper and more cost efficacious than fossil fuels, which data illustrates a decade of decline in fossil fuels for developed nations, but yet that underdeveloped nations are now leap frogging fossil fuels in spending, taking advantage of the global cheaper cost of renewable energy.Table 1 globose Pricing and Coal to Oil function and Production rootage BP, 67th Annual Review of Global Coal ConsumptionCITATION Bri18 p 36,38-39 l 1033 (British Petroleum BP 36,38-39)Pricing index for global acquire of coal US Dollars per ton Northwest Europe US Central Appalachian Japan steam clean China Qinhuangdao Marker Price Spot Price Index Spot CIF Price Spot Price2007 88.79 49.73 95.59 61.23 2011 121.52 84.75 126.13 127.272012 92.50 67.28 100.30 111.892017 84.51 63.83 96.02 94.72Coal Consumption Million haemorrhoid oil uniform2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 544 535 471 498 470 416 431 430 372 340 332China 1584 1609 1685 1748 1903 1927 1969 1954 1914 1889 1892India 240 259 280 290 304 330 352 387 395 405 424Japan 117 120 101 115 109 115 121 119 119 118 120Coal Production Million tons oil equivalent2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017US 558 566 513 523 528 491 475 482 426 348 371Russia 143 149 141 151 157 168 173 176 186 194 206Australia 227 234 242 250 245 265 285 305 306 307 297China 1439 1491 1537 1665 1851 1873 1894 1864 1825 1691 1747India 210 227 246 252 250 255 255 269 281 284 294Indonesia 127 141 151 162 208 227 279 269 272 268 271Energy and politics often go hand-in-hand, and one of the stronger talking points by many politicians is the continued exploitation and use of coal as a primary source for power. During the 2 016 US presidential elections, this was even a main talking point by then enduredidate Trump. But how much of that is really current?In reality, coal consumption has declined by 40% in the United States, from 2007-2017, scorn this reduction, coal and internal gas still make up 64% of the energy produced in the United StatesCITATION Man16 p 529 l 1033 (Mantel 529). Table one curtesy of British Petroleum did a cost analysis and oil to coal equivalent use for all nations. The price of coal is increasing globally and regressing back to prices seen in 2012 shortly by and by their peak cost in 2011CITATION Bri18 p 36 l 1033 (British Petroleum BP 36).These are the top producing and down nations in the world for coal. Table one highlights over a ten-year period (2007-2017) the United States had declined in coal consumption and production with a small uptick in production in 2017. This uptick could factor from political figures in office and relaxation of environmental economys and co ntrols.While developing nations tell continued growth in coal consumption with China leading by a wide margin, peak consumption happening in 2013. India is continuing year after year steady growth, this is in line with the population and root word modernization efforts.Detractors for fossil fuels will argue that this is because fossil fuels are cheap to produce and operate and as much(prenominal) should remain the primary resource for energy production as the Earth has still hundreds of years-worth and those in the future will figure out something that works. Well a quick response to that short-sighted answer, is the sun has billions of years remain the technology for energy extraction is here now. However, data derived from Bloomberg statesThe Frankfurt School, Renewable Cost Database of the International government agency for Renewable Energy (IRENA) and UN Environment puts fossil fuels generated energy costs in the range of $49 and $174 per MWh (Megawatt hours) in G20 ene rgy markets in 2017. Over a comparable period, renewable energy production came in between $35 and $54 per MWhCITATION Gau18 l 1033 (Sharma).Based on the data, no matter how a public dealing employee of insert fossil fuel corporation here tries to spin the information, renewables are considerably cheaper, and prices continue to fall. This lower cost in any case allows for power companies to build larger renewable energy plants or cheaper plants that pass the savings to the customer.Critics for fossil fuels despite the data and evidence that renewable energies are more cost effective will then mourn about the jobs created by the fossil fuel industry and people who have no other skills and are unable to learn something new. This again is a fallacy as the fastest growing segment in the energy industry for jobs growth is renewable energy. When compared against gigawatt hour energy production the two forms of energy producing technologies show orders of magnitude difference in favor f or renewable energiesThe number of jobs directly created from generating electricity via solar and ramble power is 10-60 jobs/GWh. This is significantly more jobs than are created through investments in conventional energy technology such as coal (0.3 jobs/GWh) and natural gas (0.1 jobs/GWh)CITATION Emi17 l 1033 (Noordeh).The size and scope that developing nations are applying towards renewable energy projects is in the billions of dollars. China is leading the way by setting the record in 2017 with a staggering 126.6 billion USD CITATION Ren18 p 140 l 1033 (REN21 140). Chinas investment in renewable energy is serving two purposes though. The first as demonstrated to the world in the 2008 summer Olympics is the abysmal behavior quality around Chinas capital Beijing.Decades of manufacturing and industry growth combined with little to no environmental regulation has led to China claiming the title for poorest air quality in the world. As it stands, Air pollution kills 3.3 cardina l people a year world-wide, including 55,000 Americans, according to a new study by an international grouping of scientists CITATION Ada15 p 961 l 1033 (Adams 961). Continuing down the path of fossil fuels will lead to environmental catastrophe, one that neither China nor the world can afford.The second reason is economies of scale. China has over a billion people and being able to sufficiently provide reliable power to them and future generations is a daunting challenge. With renewable energies being cheaper than fossil fuels, and construction-to-operations time being significantly less, China can crop up supplying stable energy to its population and prevent spikes in prices and demand as regions continue to grow. As China and India move to stabilize and improve their electrical grid, this affords their populations to grow from an average household annual energy consumption rate of1,600 KWh in 2011 to 2,000KWh in 2016. By contrast the average US household consumes nearly 12,000K Wh annually in 2016 and is the worlds foremost consumer of electricity alone followed by the marrow East. Currently the average global household energy consumption for 2016 is 3,800 KWh.CITATION Ren18 p 169 l 1033 (REN21 169)Renewable energy production and plummeting cost has countries you expertness not consider building in clean energy plants in record numbers. In the Middle East there is a new energy boom happening with truly transformative scale in solar plants as they are setting the stage to provide clean power to their nation and the adjoin region for the 21st and 22nd century. The Middle East, oil capital of the world is preparing to continue to export energy as a trade after oil the runs out.Major economies of scale started in 2017 including a 200MW solar plant completed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia completed a 300MW solar plant with the proclamation in January 2018 that they were planning a 3.3GW plant to be constructed and operational in one yea rCITATION Ren18 p 95 l 1033 (REN21 95) Costs per KWh for these power plants have also set records for being the cheapest price to buy. For a size comparison the average US coal power plant is 50MW, while if you wanted to achieve one gigawatt or more you needed a nuclear power plant.So where does that leave wind energy? Globally, since 2007 wind energy has grown from 94GW to 539GW in 2017 with China producing roughly 190GW of energy, blowing away its next nearest enemy the United States who produced 85GW in the same timeframe CITATION Ren18 p 109-110 l 1033 (REN21 109-110).Not to be detoured but for size and scope of renewable energy, if the wind energy produced in the United States would have been globally ranked by state, Texas were a country, it would rank sixth worldwide for cumulative capacity. Wind power accounted for nearly 15% of electricity generation in the state during 2017CITATION Ren18 p 111-112 l 1033 (REN21 111-112).Across the globe counties that could not develop lar ge enough solar arrays due to either space or location, have found queer success in wind turbine utilization. Many counties that have a coast line are opting for grand off-shore wind farms leveraging the ocean winds with no impact on the land mass of that country.As renewable energy prices continue to dive because of mass production, adoption, and economies of scale more developing nations will see this as a viable resource. The stigma surrounding renewable energy as a fringe or small-scale resource have been shattered and every argument from the fossil fuel industry has been debunked and set to rest, people are realizing that it is time to move to a reform, cleaner form of energy generation.Not only for themselves but for their children as well, combining to this is the ability to build anywhere and on a scale that can meet the needs of the people in that particular region. With some developing countries having little to no infrastructure and having their only option being the cheapest product, they are then left with two choices, wind or solar.This will in effect cause them to adopt and leapfrog 20th century industrial age energy production methods involving fossil fuels, while continued suppling of fossil fuels for energy production is not beneficial and leaves developing nations beholden to outside nations and that could become a national security risk. This will provide them with a emancipation to choose and build how their energy infrastructure looks and in turn teaches the next generations how to improve and make it better for their kids.Works CitedBIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Jill U. Air Pollution and Climate Change. CQ Researcher 13 Nov 2015 pp. 961-84. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqreserr2015111300.British Petroleum BP. Coal BP Statisical Review of founding Energy 67th Edition. BP Statisical Review of World Energy 67th Edition (2018) pp. 35-40. https//www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-20 18-coal.pdf. 12 09 2018.Mantel, Barbra. Coal Industrys Future. CQ Researcher 17 June 2016 pp. 529-52. library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2016061700.Noordeh, Emil. Leapfrogging Dirty Energy in Developing Nations. 05 11 2017. http//large.stanford.edu/. http//large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/noordeh1/. 12 09 2018.REN21. Renewables 2018 Global Status Report. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (2018) pp. 95, 109-112, 140, 169. http//www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/17-8652_GSR2018_FullReport_web_final_.pdf.Sharma, Gaurav. Production Cost Of Renewable Energy Now Lower Than Fossil Fuels. 24 04 2018. https//www.forbes.com. https//www.forbes.com/sites/gauravsharma/2018/04/24/production-cost-of-renewable-energy-now-lower-than-fossil-fuels/7cc5b68d379c. 12 09 2018.